Activated Carbon is elemental carbon that has been treated via activation processes to create a vast internal network of pores. These pores, ranging from micropores (<2 nm) to mesopores (2–50 nm), enlarge the surface area—often exceeding 1000 m²/g—making it highly effective at adsorption. Adsorption is the physical process where molecules from liquids or gases adhere to the carbon surface due to van der Waals forces and pore confinement.
The raw materials typically include coal, coconut shells, or wood, each influencing pore size distribution and adsorption capacity. Activation is either physical, involving carbonization at high temperatures with steam or CO2, or chemical, using agents like phosphoric acid or potassium hydroxide. Such treatments enhance porosity and remove volatile impurities.
Functionally, activated carbon excels at trapping organic molecules, chlorine, volatile compounds, and certain heavy metals. In water treatment, it reduces taste and odor issues by adsorbing residual chlorine and organic contaminants. In gas streams, it removes sulfur compounds and VOCs. Its black granular solid form facilitates ease of dosing and replacement in packed beds and filters.
Key properties to consider when selecting activated carbon include iodine number (a measure of micropore content), mesh size (particle size distribution), moisture content, and ash content. These parameters determine adsorption efficiency, hydraulic characteristics, and compatibility with specific applications. Activated carbon supplied by Zenco Systems Ltd is selected to conform to regional industrial quality standards, ensuring repeatable performance across Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. Confirm exact specifications with the certificate of analysis before procurement to match industry-specific needs precisely.