Phosphoric Acid (85%) consists of orthophosphoric acid dissolved in water to a concentration of approximately 85% by weight. The acid is a clear, colorless liquid known for being non-volatile at room temperature, which allows it to be handled safely in controlled industrial environments. Its chemical formula H3PO4 features three acidic protons, contributing to its moderate strength relative to other inorganic acids. This characteristic enables it to act as an acidulant, pH adjuster, and phosphate source.
The acid’s aqueous nature facilitates easy solubility and mixing with other compounds, a critical performance factor when used in detergents, fertilizers, or water treatment chemicals. Phosphoric acid’s ability to chelate metal ions underlies its use in metal surface treatment, enhancing corrosion resistance and preparing metals for subsequent processing steps.
The 85% concentration is a practical balance: high enough to reduce transport volume but dilute enough to maintain manageable viscosity and reactiveness. It is produced industrially by reacting phosphate rock with sulfuric acid, followed by purification steps to meet food-grade or technical-grade specifications depending on end use. Purity levels vary slightly but always comply with regional standards and regulations. Because phosphoric acid is corrosive, packaging and storage require resistant materials such as HDPE drums or lined steel containers.
In summary, Phosphoric Acid (85%) is a chemically stable, readily soluble acid solution with controllable acidity, making it indispensable for applications requiring phosphate input or pH adjustment in East African industrial and agricultural markets.